Effects of Water Conservation Practices on Health Status among Households in Kakonko District

Abstract

Purpose: The study aims to examine the determinants and effects of water conservation practices on health status in Kakonko District, Tanzania, highlighting the role of socio-economic and environmental factors in the adoption of these practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed with a random sampling method. Structured questionnaires were administered to 370 respondents, collecting data on household socio-economic characteristics, water conservation practices, and health outcomes. Statistical analyses, including Multivariate Probit and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the determinants and effects of water conservation on health status.

Findings: The study found that household income, education level, awareness, and training programs significantly influence the adoption of water conservation practices. Additionally, households that implemented measures like rainwater harvesting, tree planting, and restricting livestock access to water sources reported fewer health service visits due to waterborne diseases. Male-headed households, lower education levels, and reliance on unimproved water sources were found to be associated with higher incidences of waterborne diseases.

Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence on the intersection of water conservation practices and public health outcomes in rural Tanzania, specifically in Kakonko District, an under-researched area. The use of comprehensive regression models to quantify the relationship between socio-economic factors, water conservation practices, and health is a novel approach.

Practical Implications: The findings suggest the need for enhanced water conservation practices, improved water infrastructure, and community-driven awareness campaigns. The study emphasizes the importance of gender-responsive policies and affordable water treatment technologies to mitigate waterborne diseases and improve public health in rural communities.