Unveiling the Determinants of Unemployment among Youth Graduates in Tanzania

Abstract

Purpose: In Tanzania, youth unemployment remains a pressing challenge with 41% of youth graduates remain unemployed for less than a year, 19% for one to two years, and 11% for more than two years post-graduation. Thus, this study aims to answer the central research question as to what are the determinants of youth graduate unemployment in Tanzania.

Methods: The study utilizes data from the 2020/21 Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS) to analyze the determinants of graduate unemployment in Tanzania. This study employed a Non-experimental research design, with data collected using three-stage probabilistic sampling method from representative probability sample of 35,941 youth graduate. The binary logistic regression to identify determinants of youth graduate unemployment in Tanzania.

Findings: The findings indicate that age, gender, education level, geographical location, parental income, wage expectations, labor supply, and skill possession significantly affect graduate employment. Younger graduates, males, those from rural areas, and individuals with only secondary education are more vulnerable to unemployment. Additionally, graduates from lower-income households, those with unrealistic wage expectations, and those lack vocational training struggle to secure jobs while higher education increases employability.

Originality: This study contributes original insights into the determinants of youth graduate unemployment in Tanzania. The research goes beyond traditional academic qualifications, showing the importance of practical skills, vocational training, and entrepreneurship.

Practical Implications: The study highlights the need for vocational training, entrepreneurship programs, credit access, job-matching services, curriculum alignment, and collaboration between stakeholders to improve graduate employability in Tanzania.